Forest Plantation Research

1. Study on Five Australian Acacia spp. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. in Different Spacing for Control Imperata cylindrica. (L.) Beauv.
2. The Effect of Potting Media on Growth of Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn. f. Seedlings
3. Study on Intensity of Damage on Teak Caused by Beehole Borer at Mae Gar Teak Seed Orchard, Phayao Province
4. Effect of Soil Moisture Regimes on Growth of Teak (Tectona grandis) Seedlings
5. Suitable Seedling Performences for Transplanting of Melia azedarach Linn. as Affected by Sizes of Containers
6. Natural Regeneration Dynamics of Pinus merkusii  in Northern Thailand

Study on Five Australian Acacia spp. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.
in Different Spacing for Control Imperata cylindrica. (L.) Beauv.

By… Panida Roongrattanakul, Suchart Nimpila and Rattana Thai-ngam

ABSTRACT

Early results of five Australian Acacia spp. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis that planted to cover Imperata cylindrica at Research and Training in Re-afforestation station Nakorn Ratchasima province with different spacing (2x1, 2x2, 2x3, 2x8 m) at two years old showed highly significant different (P>0.001) in growth (height and DBH). Acacia crassicarpa was the fastest growth and Acacia oraria was the poorest growth. There were non-significant different (P>0.05) in growth for different spacing.

The above ground biomass of Imperata cylindrica under shade of five Acacia spp. and E. camaldulensis was collected at 4 year of the tree. The analysis of variance of dry weight of Imperata cylindrica showed significant different between trees species at P>0.05 and highly significant at P>0.001 between spacing of the trees. All trees showed good performance to cover Imperata cylindrica with spacing 2x2, 2x3 and 2x4 m. The 2x6 m. spacing of A. oraria, A. mangium and A. auriculiformis had good performance while E. camaldulensis showed worst to cover the Imperata cylindrica. For largest spacing (2x2 m), only A. mangium and A. oraria showed ability to cover Imperata cylindrica

There was not interaction of dry weight of Imperata cylindrica between tree species and spacing but there have trend to show interaction when wider spacing.

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รายงานวนวัฒนวิจัย ประจำปี 2542 ส่วนวนวัฒนวิจัย สำนักวิชาการป่าไม้ หน้า 110-122

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By… Chana Piewluang, Somyos Kijkar and Jutitep Bhodthipuks

ABSTRACT

The effect of potting media on growth of Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn. f. seedlings was investigated under nursery conditions at the ASEAN Forest Tree Seed Centre, Muak-lek, Saraburi. The experimental design was completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. These treatments were coconut husk, coconut husk incorporated with osmocote (slow-release) fertilizer, mycorrizal soil, mycorrizal soil incorporated with osmocote, coconut husk mixed with mycorrizal soil (3:1), coconut husk mixed with mycorrizal soil (3:1) and incorporated with osmocote. Height and diameter at root collar of the seedlings were measured before transplanted into the tested materials and when they were in the nursery for 2, 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. Shoot, root, total dry weight and shoot / root ratios were determined after the study was finished. Results from this study revealed that height and diameter at root collar and shoot, root, total dry weight and shoot / root ratio of D. turbinatus seedlings in six treatments were very significantly different. Coconut husk incorporated with osmocote (slow-release) fertilizer and coconut husk mixed with mycorrizal soil (3:1) and incorporated with osmocote encouraged D. turbinatus seedlings to have greatest height, diameter and dry weight. However, seedlings of D. turbinatus in coconut husk had least growth on height, diameter and dry weight. Therefore, it may be concluded that coconut husk incorporated with osmocote (slow-release) fertilizer and coconut husk mixed with mycorrizal soil (3:1) and incorporated with osmocote are suitable for planting this dipterocarp species in the nursery. There is a possibility that relationship between mycorrizae and fertilizer to seedling growth of this species is positive.

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รายงานวนวัฒนวิจัย ประจำปี 2542 ส่วนวนวัฒนวิจัย สำนักวิชาการป่าไม้ หน้า 1-14

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Study on Intensity of Damage on Teak Caused by Beehole Borer
at Mae Gar Teak Seed Orchard, Phayao Province

By… Thavee Chairuangsirikul

ABSTRACT

A study on intensity of damage on teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) stems caused by beehole borer (Xyleutes ceramicus Walker) was investigated in the 1965 teak clonal seed orchard at Mae Gar Seed Orchard, Phayao province. The orchard consists of plus trees from 16 clones. The results were shown as below.

The average values of DBH., height, damaged rate and infestation rate of 33 year old trees in Teak Clonal Seed Orchard were 37.9 cm., 21.8 m., 55.8% and 4.6 holes/tree, respectively. Clones of plus trees selected from plantation had higher average dbh.(40.9 cm.), height (22.6 m.), damaged rate (73.9%) and infestation rate (6.9 holes/ tree) than that of clones selected from natural forest (36.5 cm., 21.5 m., 47.3% and 3.2 holes/ tree).

The average values of infestation rate at each stem section level ( ie. < 5, 5–10, >10 m.) were 2.4, 2.1 and 0.2 holes/ tree, respectively. The east direction was attacked by beehole borer more than the west direction.

Clone number V 22 has the best quality in term of wood texture, because of dbh, damaged and infestation rates are very low (average 33.9 cm., 21.7% and 0.3 holes/tree), whereas the clone number V 27 and V 26 are ranked as the second and the third, respectively.

Keyword: Teak clones, Teak beehole borer, Xyleutes ceramicus.

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รายงานวนวัฒนวิจัย ประจำปี 2542 ส่วนวนวัฒนวิจัย สำนักวิชาการป่าไม้ หน้า 123-136

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Effect of Soil Moisture Regimes on Growth of Teak (Tectona grandis) Seedlings

By… Verapong Suangtho and Visetsak Thongpradit

ABSTRACT

A study on the effect of soil moisture regimes on growth of teak seedlings was carried at the Northern Forest Seed Centre, Lampang Province during October 1998 and September 1999. A series of growth chamber beds were constructed in a plastic shed. Soil moisture was controlled at certain levels through the capillary force. Five levels of soil moisture were included and moisture content was calculated as 22.3, 19.7, 14.5, 12.5 and 9.0 per cent based on dry weight and designated as treatments1-5 respectively. The results showed there were significant differences in sprouting percentage of stumps and also the growth of seedlings from different treatments. The percentages of sprouting were 78, 49, 25, 9 and zero in treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. However, with regards to seedling growth, best growth was obtained at soil moisture content of 14.5% and was significantly better than any other treatment. Discussions were made in more detail and summarized recommendations were given.

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รายงานวนวัฒนวิจัย ประจำปี 2542 ส่วนวนวัฒนวิจัย สำนักวิชาการป่าไม้ หน้า 15-26

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Suitable Seedling Performences for Transplanting of Melia azedarach Linn.
as Affected by Sizes of Containers

By… Boonchoop Boontawee, Pitaya Petmak, Chatuporn Mungkalarat
        and Thavee Chairuangsirikul

ABSTRACT

The study of suitable seedling performences for transplanting of Melia azedarach Linn. as affected by sizes of containers was conducted at Thong Pha Phum Forest Tree Seed Production Station, Thong Pha Phum District Kanchanaburi Province in 1997. Phenological study of this fast growing specie shows that the leaves fall in October and completely fall in January, the sprouting of new leaves is in February. Flowers or fluorescences happen in February, bloom and end in March. The fruits happen at the end of March, the development of fruits takes 8 months, ripe and fall in November.

The steps of this experiment were sequenced by seed collection, seed handling, nursery operation, completely randomized design application and data collection respectively. Nursery operation took 4 months for this experiment.

The study of growth in term of average height of 4 month-seedlings of Melia azedarach Linn., which were planted in 4”x 6”, 5”x 8” and 6”x 8” plastic containers equal to 14.63, 23.90 and 35.18 centimeters. From ANOVA, there were significantly differences among sizes of containers. In term of average diameters at ground level, 0.26, 0.30 and 0.46 centimeter were recorded at the same time as height and there were highly significant differences in statistics.

Root/ Shoot ratio was applied to consider the suitable seedlings before outplanting in the feild. The root/shoot ratio (dry weight) of 4 month-seedlings of Melia azedarach Linn. Equal to 1.016, 1.119 and 1.143, those were nearly balanced. Therefore the seedlings from each size of container could be suitable for planting in the field. The differences among sizes of containers were nonsignificant in term of root/shoot ratio.

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รายงานวนวัฒนวิจัย ประจำปี 2542 ส่วนวนวัฒนวิจัย สำนักวิชาการป่าไม้ หน้า 27-34

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Natural Regeneration Dynamics of Pinus merkusii  in Northern Thailand

By… J. Koskela, J. Kuusipalo and Winai Sirikul

ABSTRACT

The effect of ground fire and subsequent exposure of mineral soil on germination and early development of Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese, and morphological development throughout the grass stage of naturally borne seedlings were studied in northern Thailand, within the natural distribution range of the species. The study was carried out with the major aim to find out whether and to what extent the natural regeneration of mainland P. merkusii is controlled by fire, and what the main adaptive advantage is of the prolonged grass stage characteristic to the species. Finally, silvicultural implications of the findings are discussed.

We found that the total volume of stem and tap root in the grass stage controls the shoot growth rather distinctly: seedlings emerge from the grass stage soon after a certain minimum volume (approx. 15-20 mm diameter at ground level) is reached. The growth of the tap root is steady throughout the grass stage. Formation of the deep tap root promotes the volume growth of the stem. Two-thirds of the diameter of the short stem is formed by cortex, which functions as a carbohydrate store to be later utilized in the fast shoot growth.

There were no significant differences in germination and early development of P. merkusii seedlings between a burnt and an unburnt area. Considerable numbers of seedlings (11042-34250 ha^-1) were found in stands burnt 2, 4 and 6 years previously. P. merkusii seeds germinate well beneath a dense cover of grass, giving rise to an abundant ephemeral seedling stock. Mortality due to competition by grass is, however, high. Successful natural regeneration requires a 4-6 year period without a fire. Within this period, seedlings have developed into the grass stage and are better protected against seasonal drought and ground fires.

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Forest Ecology and Management. 1995. 77: 169-179

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